|
Silla (57 BC〔57 BC according to the Samguk Sagi; however Seth 2010 notes that "these dates are dutifully given in many textbooks and published materials in Korea today, but their basis is in myth; only Goguryeo can be traced back to a time period that is anywhere near its legendary founding."〕 – 935 AD) ((:ɕʰilːa)) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and one of the world's longest sustained dynasties. Although it was founded by King Park Hyeokgeose, the dynasty was ruled by the Gyeongju Kim (김, 金) clan for most of its 992-year history. It began as a chiefdom in the Samhan confederacies, once allied with China, but Silla eventually conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Thereafter, Unified Silla or Later Silla, as it is often referred to, occupied most of the Korean Peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo. After nearly 1000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief Later Three Kingdoms, Silla, Hubaekje, and Taebong, handing over power to its successor dynasty Goryeo in 935.〔http://www.shilla.or.kr/shilla_culture/ Retrieved on 2008-03-08〕 ==Name== From its founding until its growth into a full-fledged kingdom, Silla was recorded with various hanja phonetically approximating its native Korean name: 斯盧 (사로, Saro), 斯羅 (사라, Sara), 徐那(伐) (서나(), Seona()), 徐耶(伐) (서야(), Seoya()), 徐羅(伐) (서라(), Seora()), and 徐伐 (서벌, Seobeol). In 503, King Jijeung standardized on the characters 新羅(신라), which in Modern Korean is pronounced "Shilla". An etymological hypothesis (there are various other speculations) suggests that the name ''Seorabeol'' might have been the origin of the word ''Seoul'' meaning "capital city" and also the name of the present capital of South Korea, a city previously known as Hanseong (漢城) or Hanyang (漢陽). The name of the Silla capital might have been changed into the Late Middle Korean form ''Syeobeul'' (셔블) meaning "royal capital city," which soon might have altered into ''Syeoul'' (셔울), and finally resulted in ''Seoul'' (서울) in the Modern Korean language. The name of either Silla or its capital Seora-beol was also widely used throughout Northeast Asia as the ethnonym for the people of Silla, appearing as Shiragi in the language of the Yamato Japanese and as Solgo or Solho in the language of the medieval Jurchens and their later descendants, the Manchus, respectively. In the modern Mongolian language, Korea and Koreans are still known as Солонгос ''Solongos'', which seems to be an alteration of ''Silla'' influenced by the Mongolian word for "rainbow" (солонго ''solongo''). Silla was also referred to as Gyerim (鷄林, 계림), literally "chicken forest," a name that has its origins in the forest near the Silla capital where by legend the state's founder was hatched from the egg of a cockatrice (Kor. ''gyeryong'', 雞龍, 계룡, literally "chicken-dragon"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Silla」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|